What is the difference between a spring washer and a wave washer?

웨이브 스프링 와셔

Abstract: In mechanical fastening systems, preload control and vibration resistance are critical to joint integrity. Elastic elements like washers are employed to sustain clamping force, offset thermal expansion, and minimize loosening under dynamic loads, as outlined in the joint design principles in Mechanical Engineering Design by Joseph Edward Shigley and the bolted joint behavior analysis […]