What is the difference between a spring washer and a wave washer?

Abstract: In mechanical fastening systems, preload control and vibration resistance are critical to joint integrity. Elastic elements like washers are employed to sustain clamping force, offset thermal expansion, and minimize loosening under dynamic loads, as outlined in the joint design principles in Mechanical Engineering Design by Joseph Edward Shigley and the bolted joint behavior analysis published by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. The spring washer and the wave washer are commonly specified among these elastic components, but they are often misunderstood. While both serve preload and vibration-control functions, their geometry, load-deflection characteristics, installation contexts, and performance behaviors differ significantly. This detailed 2026 technical guide covers the structural mechanics, engineering […]